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Venera 7
Venera 7 (russian: Венера-7, lit=Venus 7) was a Soviet Union, Soviet spacecraft, part of the Venera series of probes to Venus. When it landed on the Venusian surface on 15 December 1970, it became the first spacecraft to Landings on other planets, soft land on another planet and the first to transmit data from there back to Earth. Design The lander was designed to be able to survive pressure of up to and temperatures of . This was significantly greater than what was expected to be encountered but significant uncertainties as to the surface temperatures and pressure of Venus resulted in the designers’ opting for a large margin of error. The degree of hardening added mass to the probe which limited the amount of mass available for scientific instruments both on the probe itself and the Satellite bus, interplanetary bus. The interplanetary bus carried a solar wind charged particle detector and a cosmic ray detector. On the lander there were temperature and pressure sensor ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Sergei Pavlovich Korolyov Museum Of Cosmonautics
The Serhiy Pavlovych Korolyov Museum of Cosmonautics ( uk, Музей космонавтики імені Сергія Павловича Корольова) is a technology museum in Zhytomyr, Ukraine dedicated to Sergei Korolev, Serhiy Korolyov. Korolyov led the Sputnik project and was Chief engineer for the Soviet Union's rocket and space program from the late 1950s until his death in 1966. He was born in Zhytomyr, then part of the Russian Empire. In 1970, the house in which Korolyov was born was dedicated as a memorial to him, a campus of the Zhytomyr Regional Museum. The museum achieved independent status in 1987, and the present museum building was constructed in 1991. The museum houses around 11,000 exhibits related to rocket and space exploration, including the Soyuz 27 descent module, a small sample of lunar soil, full-size replicas of a complete Soyuz spacecraft, the Vostok 1 descent module, and the Lunokhod 2 lunar rover. From 2013, 2.5 million visitors have passed thro ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Time (magazine)
''Time'' (stylized in all caps) is an American news magazine based in New York City. For nearly a century, it was published Weekly newspaper, weekly, but starting in March 2020 it transitioned to every other week. It was first published in New York City on March 3, 1923, and for many years it was run by its influential co-founder, Henry Luce. A European edition (''Time Europe'', formerly known as ''Time Atlantic'') is published in London and also covers the Middle East, Africa, and, since 2003, Latin America. An Asian edition (''Time Asia'') is based in Hong Kong. The South Pacific edition, which covers Australia, New Zealand, and the Pacific Islands, is based in Sydney. Since 2018, ''Time'' has been published by Time USA, LLC, owned by Marc Benioff, who acquired it from Meredith Corporation. History ''Time'' has been based in New York City since its first issue published on March 3, 1923, by Briton Hadden and Henry Luce. It was the first weekly news magazine in the United St ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Derelict Landers (spacecraft)
Derelict may refer to: Law * Derelict, property that has been Abandonment (legal), abandoned or deserted ** Derelict (maritime), property which has been abandoned and deserted at sea without any hope of recovery Arts, entertainment, and media Music * "Dead Man's Chest", a song also known as "Derelict" or "Fifteen Men on the Dead Man's Chest" * "Derelict", a song from the 1996 album ''Odelay'' by Beck * ''Derelicts'', a 2017 album from "Carbon Based Lifeforms" * "The Derelict", a song from the 2009 album ''Æther Shanties'' by Abney Park * "The Derelict (God Forsaken)", a song from the 2009 album ''We the Fallen'' by Psyclon Nine * The Derelicts, a 1970s British R&B band Other uses in arts, entertainment, and media * Derelict (film), ''Derelict'' (film), a 1930 American adventure film directed by Rowland V. Lee * "Derelict", an alternative name for the fictional sea shanty "Dead Man's Chest", from the novel ''Treasure Island'' * The Derelict (LIS episode), "The Derelict" (''LIS'' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
1970 In The Soviet Union
The following lists events that happened during 1970 in the Union of Soviet Socialist Republics. Incumbents * General Secretary of the Communist Party of the Soviet Union: Leonid Brezhnev * Premier of the Soviet Union: Alexei Kosygin * Chairman of the Russian SFSR: Mikhail Yasnov Events * May 24 – The scientific drilling of the Kola Superdeep Borehole begins. * June 1 – The two-man spacecraft ''Soyuz 9'' is launched. * June 15 – Operation Wedding: Fifteen refuseniks try to escape from the Soviet Union by hijacking a plane. * October 6 – French President Georges Pompidou visits the Soviet Union. * October 8 – Soviet author Aleksandr Solzhenitsyn is awarded the Nobel Prize in Literature. * October 15 – The domestic Soviet Aeroflot Flight 244 is hijacked and diverted to Turkey. * October 20 – The ''Zond 8'' lunar probe is launched. * November 9 – ''Luna 17'' is launched. * November 12 – Soviet author Andrei Amalrik is sentenced to three years imprisonment for ' ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Timeline Of Artificial Satellites And Space Probes
This Timeline of artificial satellites and Space probe A space probe is an artificial satellite that travels through space to collect scientific data. A space probe may orbit Earth; approach the Moon; travel through interplanetary space; flyby, orbit, or land or fly on other planetary bodies; or ent ...s includes uncrewed Spacecraft including technology demonstrators, observatories, lunar probes, and interplanetary probes. First satellites from each country are included. Not included are most Earth science satellites, commercial satellites or crewed missions. Timeline 1950s 1960s 1970s 1980s 1990s 2000s 2010s 2020s References External links Current and Upcoming Launches [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
List Of Missions To Venus ...
There have been 46 (including gravity-assist flybys) space missions to the planet Venus. Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. List As of 2020, the Soviet Union, United States, European Space Agency and Japan have conducted missions to Venus. ;Mission Type Legend: Future missions Under development Venus Missions by Organization/Company Proposed missions References External links * {{Venus Venus * Venus Missions to Venus There have been 46 (including gravity-assist flybys) space missions to the planet Venus. Missions to Venus constitute part of the exploration of Venus. List As of 2020, the Soviet Union, United States, European Space Agency and Japan have c ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Megapascal
The pascal (symbol: Pa) is the unit of pressure in the International System of Units (SI), and is also used to quantify internal pressure, stress, Young's modulus, and ultimate tensile strength. The unit, named after Blaise Pascal, is defined as one newton per square metre and is equivalent to 10 barye (Ba) in the CGS system. The unit of measurement called standard atmosphere (atm) is defined as 101,325 Pa. Common multiple units of the pascal are the hectopascal (1 hPa = 100 Pa), which is equal to one millibar, and the kilopascal (1 kPa = 1000 Pa), which is equal to one centibar. Meteorological observations typically report atmospheric pressure in hectopascals per the recommendation of the World Meteorological Organization, thus a standard atmosphere (atm) or typical sea-level air pressure is about 1013 hPa. Reports in the United States typically use inches of mercury or millibars (hectopascals). In Canada these reports are given in kilopascals. ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Atmosphere Of Venus
The atmosphere of Venus is the layer of gases surrounding Venus. It is composed primarily of supercritical carbon dioxide and is much denser and hotter than that of Earth. The temperature at the surface is 740 K (467 °C, 872 °F), and the pressure is , roughly the pressure found underwater on Earth. The Venusian atmosphere supports opaque clouds of sulfuric acid, making optical Earth-based and orbital observation of the surface impossible. Information about the topography has been obtained exclusively by radar imaging. Aside from carbon dioxide, the other main component is nitrogen. Other chemical compounds are present only in trace amounts. Aside from the very surface layers, the atmosphere is in a state of vigorous circulation. The upper layer of troposphere exhibits a phenomenon of super-rotation, in which the atmosphere circles the planet in just four Earth days, much faster than the planet's sidereal day of 243 days. The winds supporting super-rotation bl ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
KDU-414
The KDU-414 (''Russian Корректирующая Двигательная Установка'', Corrective Propulsion Unit), is a pressure-fed liquid rocket Propulsion Unit developed and produced by the Isayev Design Bureau (today known as KhimMash). From 1960 onward, it powered several unmanned Soviet Spacecraft, including the first series of Molniya satellites, several Kosmos satellites as well as the space probes Mars 1, Venera 1, Zond 2 and Zond 3, featured as a part of standardized spacecraft buses known as KAUR-2, 2MV and 3MV. The Corrective Propulsion Unit consists of a single chamber 'S5.19' liquid rocket engine and a conical thermal protection cowl containing the spherical propellant tank. A barrier splits the tank into two separate compartments, filled with the propellant, UDMH, and the oxidizer, IRFNA, respectively. This combination of propellants is hypergolic A hypergolic propellant is a rocket propellant combination used in a rocket engine, whose compone ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
3MV (spacecraft)
The 3MV planetary probe (short for 3rd generation Mars-Venus) is a designation for a common design used by early Soviet unmanned probes to Mars and Venus. It was an incremental improvement of earlier 2MV probes and was used for Zond 1, Zond 2 and Zond 3 missions to Mars as well as several Venera probes. It was standard practice of the Soviet space program to use standardized components as much as possible. All probes shared the same general characteristics and differed usually in equipment necessary for specific missions. Each probe also incorporated improvements based on experience with earlier missions. Original Design (1963-1965) The probe consisted of three primary parts. Orbital Compartment The core of the stack was a pressurized compartment called the Orbital Compartment. This part housed the spacecraft's control electronics, radio transmitters and receivers, batteries, astro-orientation equipment, and so on. The compartment was pressurized to around 100 kPa and therm ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
Radar Altimeter
A radar altimeter (RA), also called a radio altimeter (RALT), electronic altimeter, reflection altimeter, or low-range radio altimeter (LRRA), measures altitude above the terrain presently beneath an aircraft or spacecraft by timing how long it takes a beam of radio waves to travel to ground, reflect, and return to the craft. This type of altimeter provides the distance between the antenna and the ground directly below it, in contrast to a barometric altimeter which provides the distance above a defined vertical datum, usually mean sea level. Principle As the name implies, radar (radio detection and ranging) is the underpinning principle of the system. The system transmits radio waves down to the ground and measures the time it takes them to be reflected back up to the aircraft. The altitude above the ground is calculated from the radio waves' travel time and the speed of light. Radar altimeters required a simple system for measuring the time-of-flight that could be displayed ... [...More Info...] [...Related Items...] OR: [Wikipedia] [Google] [Baidu] |
